Thaddeus Stevens
![Portrait by [[Mathew Brady|Brady]]-[[Levin Corbin Handy|Handy]], {{circa}} 1860–1868](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Thaddeus_Stevens_-_Brady-Handy-crop.jpg)
Stevens was born in rural Vermont, in poverty, and with a club foot, which left him with a permanent limp. He moved to Pennsylvania as a young man and quickly became a successful lawyer in Gettysburg. He interested himself in municipal affairs and then in politics. He was an active leader of the Anti-Masonic Party, as a fervent believer that Freemasonry in the United States was an evil conspiracy to secretly control the republican system of government. He was elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, where he became a strong advocate of free public education. Financial setbacks in 1842 caused him to move his home and practice to the larger city of Lancaster. There, he joined the Whig Party and was elected to Congress in 1848. His activities as a lawyer and politician in opposition to slavery cost him votes, and he did not seek reelection in 1852. After a brief flirtation with the Know-Nothing Party, Stevens joined the newly formed Republican Party and was elected to Congress again in 1858. There, with fellow radicals such as Massachusetts Senator Charles Sumner, he opposed the expansion of slavery and concessions to the South as the war came.
Stevens argued that slavery should not survive the war; he was frustrated by the slowness of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln to support his position. He guided the government's financial legislation through the House as Ways and Means chairman. As the war progressed towards a Northern victory, Stevens came to believe that not only should slavery be abolished, but that black Americans should be given a stake in the South's future through the confiscation of land from planters to be distributed to the freedmen. His plans went too far for the Moderate Republicans and were not enacted.
After the assassination of Abraham Lincoln in April 1865, Stevens came into conflict with the new president, Johnson, who sought rapid restoration of the seceded states without guarantees for freedmen. The difference in views caused an ongoing battle between Johnson and Congress, with Stevens leading the Radical Republicans. After gains in the 1866 election, the radicals took control of Reconstruction away from Johnson. Stevens's last great battle was to secure in the House articles of impeachment against Johnson, acting as a House manager in the impeachment trial, though the Senate did not convict the President.
Historiographical views of Stevens have dramatically shifted over the years, from the early 20th-century view of Stevens as reckless and motivated by hatred of the white South to the perspective of the neoabolitionists of the 1950s and afterward, who lauded him for his commitment to equality. Provided by Wikipedia
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31by Stevens, Thaddeus, 1792-1868
Published 1866
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32by Stevens, Thaddeus, 1792-1868
Published 1866
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33by Stevens, Thaddeus, 1792-1868
Published 1867
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34by Stevens, Thaddeus, 1792-1868
Published 1868
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35by Stevens, Thaddeus, 1792-1868
Published 1835
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36by Stevens, Thaddeus, 1792-1868
Published 1838
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37by Stevens, Thaddeus, 1792-1868
Published 1868
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38by Stevens, Thaddeus, 1792-1868
Published 1850
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39by Stevens, Thaddeus, 1792-1868
Published 1865
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40by Stevens, Thaddeus, 1792-1868
Published 1865
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