Francisco de Toledo
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Toledo brought stability to a tumultuous viceroyalty of Spain and enacted administrative policies which changed the character of Spanish colonial rule and the relationship between the Indigenous peoples of the Andes and their Spanish overlords. With a policy called "reductions", Toledo forcibly relocated many of the Indigenous peoples of Peru and Bolivia into new settlements in order to enforce their Christianization, collect tributes and taxes, and gather Indigenous labor to work in mines and other Spanish enterprises. He has been condemned for the reductions, expanding the forced labor demanded of the Indigenous peoples under the mit'a of the Inca Empire, and executing Túpac Amaru, the last Inca chief of the Neo-Inca State in Vilcabamba.
Toledo held the position of viceroy from November 30, 1569, until 1 May 1581, a total of eleven years and five months. He has been praised as the "supreme organizer" of the immense viceroyalty, giving it a legal structure and strengthening institutions by which the Spanish colony functioned for more than two hundred years. Scholar John Hemming described Toledo as "one of the world's great colonial administrators". He also described him as "honest and honorable but cold and unfeeling...autocratic" and "with the temperament of an ascetic." Provided by Wikipedia
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3by Toledo, Francisco de, 1532-1596
Published 1592
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4by Toledo, Francisco de, 1532-1596
Published 1601
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5by Toledo, Francisco de, 1532-1596
Published 1588
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6by Toledo, Francisco de, 1532-1596
Published 1618
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7by Toledo, Francisco de, 1532-1596
Published 1578
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8by Toledo, Francisco de, 1532-1596
Published 1615
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9by Toledo, Francisco de, 1532-1596
Published 1584
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10by Toledo, Francisco de, 1532-1596
Published 1600
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